​Entrepreneurship in the informal economy is the new paradigm that entrepreneurship researchers are trying to explore in recent days. As Schneider (2002) explained that the 41% of economic activities in developing countries, 38% in transition countries, and 18% in developed countries are involved with informal entrepreneurship, research in this domain is still in its infancy. The major streams of research in this region are emphasizing on the causation and behavioral impact on the formation and performance of entrepreneurship under the absence or void of the regulatory institutional pillar.

​Corporate social responsibility is the voluntary commitment by companies to implement social and environmental considerations in their business operations. This is beyond the usual legal, regulatory, and contractual obligations and compliance which companies are expected to adhere to. Corporate social responsibility actions will go towards complimenting the state actions calling for social and environmental development. The World Bank defines corporate social responsibility as “the commitment of business to contribute to sustainable development working with employees, their families, local communities, and society at large to improve their quality of life that are both good for business. and good for development”.

​ Supply chain and operations management digital business and information systems Financial engineering and investment analysis